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Quantum Precision Measurement Technology and Its Typical Applications in Measurement Field GE Meng, ZHANG Tie-li, LIU Hao, SONG Yan, WU Chen Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (6): 1-6.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.01 Abstract （313）      PDF（pc） （4203KB）（1650）       Knowledge map    Save Quantum precision measurement is based on the basic principle of quantum mechanics by using the interaction between light，atoms and magnetic field to measure physical quantities.The concept of quantum precision measurement and the technical principles in quantum precision measurement are described as a starting point,and typical applications of quantum precision measurement technology in the field of measurement are investigated.The principles,applications,and development status of femtosecond optical frequency comb technology,precision measurement technology for atomic ensemble and quantum light field,and quantum enhancement measurement technology based on nonlinear interference are analyzed.It could provide reference for the development of measurement technology in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review on Application of Femtosecond Optical Frequency Comb in Metrology ZHANG Zhi-tao, LIANG Ya-jun, ZHANG Tie-li, GAO Xiao-qiang Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.04.01 Abstract （297）      PDF（pc） （3281KB）（302）       Knowledge map    Save Femtosecond optical frequency comb is an important research direction in the field of ultrafast laser optics，by locking the repetition rate(fr)and carrier envelope phase shift rate(fo)of mode-locked laser to the microwave frequency reference，in the time domain，it presents a series of femtosecond periodic ultra-short sequence pulses，and in the frequency domain，it presents a series of discrete and equally spaced longitudinal mode components，which are widely used in time and frequency transfer，spatial scale measurement，precision spectral measurement and many other metrological scientific research fields.On the basis of introducing the basic principle of femtosecond optical frequency comb，the application research of femtosecond optical frequency comb in metrology field is introduced emphatically，and its important role and significance in metrology field are analyzed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Theory and Simulation Analysis of a Cross-correlation Method for Measuring Phase Noise SHEN Xiao-yu, ZHANG Liang, CAO Xu, LI Hong-yu, LIU Yu-xuan, YUAN Yan Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (3): 60-67.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.03.11 Abstract （266）      PDF（pc） （1618KB）（878）       Knowledge map    Save Phase noise measurement is an important research in the field of radio measurement.With the development of signal generators and other signal instruments and equipment,there are higher requirements for phase noise measurement technology.This paper introduces the theory and simulation analysis of measuring phase noise by cross-correlation method,explains the principle of suppressing uncorrelated interference noise by cross-correlation method through theoretical derivation,establishes a simulation analysis model based on MATLAB on the basis of theoretical results,and verifies the improvement degree of the bottom of system noise under different cross-correlation times,we further analyzed the influence of dual channel correlation on cross-correlation calculation results and obtained the corresponding simulation results,which provides a reference for relevant engineering design. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)Active Antenna Noise Temperature Measuring Device CAOYue, HU Yu, YANG Han-xu, ZHANG Jin-ling, ZHAI Hong Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (5): 29-33.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.05.06 Abstract （266）      PDF（pc） （2356KB）（339）       Knowledge map    Save The noise temperature of satellite navigation active receiving antenna is one of the key technical indexes of navigation receiver.In order to solve the problem that the overall noise temperature of the satellite navigation active antenna cannot be measured,two surface type noise sources are developed.The surface type noise source is mainly composed of radiator,radiator physical temperature control and temperature measurement instrument.The two surface type noise sources provide the high and low standard noise temperature in L band and S band.The noise temperature of active receiving antenna is measured by Y-Factor method.The noise temperature of a satellite navigation active antenna is measured.In the frequency range of (1.19~1.29) GHz,the noise temperature measurement result is 206 K at the center frequency of 1.24 GHz.However,the noise temperature measurement result is greater than 4 000 K at the frequency of 1.266 GHz,which indicates that there are design problems or other problems between the antenna and the filter,and between the filter and the amplifier,reflecting the necessity of measuring the noise temperature of the active antenna. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Development Status and Key Technologies of Digital Metrology LI Ang, HE Wei Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (5): 8-12.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.05.02 Abstract （255）      PDF（pc） （1153KB）（329）       Knowledge map    Save The metrology industry provides means for the measurement of data in all walks of life and ensures the correctness of the data.In todays wave of digitalization,in order to better play the important role of the metrology industry,it is necessary to carry out a major transformation from traditional metrology to digital era metrology,that is,to complete the digital transformation of the metrology industry,referred to as digital metrology.The core of the digital metrology is that on the basis of the corresponding digital technology,to realize the digitization of the metrology data and the test reports and calibration certificates,make the standards of calibration procedures machine-readable,obtain the digital twins of the measurement standard devices,make the calibration verification operations automatic and intelligent,build the digital dissemination traceability chain,and transmit measuring trust and value unification in the digital way.In the world,authoritative institutions have issued guiding documents for the realization of digital metrology,leading the trend of global digital metrology reform. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development Trend of Metrology and Measurement in the Quantization and Digitalization Revolution DU Xiao-shuang, HU Yi-fei, FENG Ying-qiang, CHEN Bei, ZENG Wu, FEI Feng, LI Wei, TU Zhi-guo, YANG Xiao-wei, ZHAI Yu-wei, HAO Xin-you Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (5): 11-22.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.05.02 Abstract （246）      PDF（pc） （8846KB）（147）       Knowledge map    Save Developed countries in the America and Europe attach great importance to the development of metrology and measurement technology,incorporating forward-looking and fundamental measurement technologies such as quantum and digital intelligence into their national development strategies,and seizing the technological high ground.In recent years,China has made breakthroughs in metrology research fields such as atomic frequency standards and cold atomic gravimeters,and has entered the ranks of advanced countries in international metrology.At present,with the quantization and digital transformation of international metrology,the evolution of quantization in metrology is constantly accelerating,the mode of measurement transmission is gradually transitioning towards digitization,and the trend of metrology support technology is becoming more practical.The development trend of metrology and measurement technology is given and a close analysis is made in this paper,providing a useful reference for the development of China metrology and measurement. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of Infrared Sea Surface Small-target Detection Algorithm ZHA Yue, Tang Ye Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (6): 57-65.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.06.10 Abstract （211）      PDF（pc） （2963KB）（1616）       Knowledge map    Save Infrared imaging technology is a passive detection technology that has been widely used in various fields such as land,sea,air and space,with the advantages of strong resistance to external interference and all-weather target measurement.Infrared imaging tracking and measurement systems have been used in a large number of applications in the measurement of surface vehicle parameters.Infrared sea surface small-target detection technology is an important part of processing infrared measurement images。The accuracy and efficiency of the interpretation results can be improved with suitable detection methods.By analyzing the characteristics of the background and target in the infrared sea surface small target image and the technical difficulties of the complex recognition of infrared sea surface small-targets,two infrared small-target algorithms based on deep learning and traditional methods are compared.The principle,steps and advantages of the traditional algorithms are elaborated,and the future development trend of infrared small-target detection algorithms is analyzed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of Research Advance on Cold-atom Gravimeter BAI Jin-hai, MA Hui-juan, HU Dong, WANG Yu Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (5): 1-10.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.05.01 Abstract （197）      PDF（pc） （4579KB）（2645）       Knowledge map    Save The cold atom gravimeter uses laser cooling,atomic interference manipulation,and other technologies to achieve absolute gravity acceleration measurement.It is a new type of quantum sensor that has developed rapidly over the [JP2]past three decades.Currently,its measurement sensitivity has exceeded that of traditional laser interference absolute gravimeters,and the measurement uncertainty has reached the same level.In metrology traceability,basic scientific research,geophysics,resource exploration,autonomous navigation and other aspects have important application value.Analyzes the principle of cold atom gravimeters,introduces the research progress and development trend of cold atom gravimeters,and analyzes and combs the research direction of cold atom gravimeters,especially the key points in dynamic application scenarios. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Measurement of Proton Bragg Peak WANG Fei-fei, GAO Fei, DING Yu-yang, WANG Zi-ye, WANG Zi-ling, LIU Jia-rui Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (1): 45-49.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.09 Abstract （185）      PDF（pc） （1819KB）（166）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the proton beam of the newly built 100MeV cyclotron,according to IAEA TRS-398 report,proton beam Bragg peak measurement was carried out.Considering the principle of water absorption dose measurement and influencing factors,appropriate water phantom and ionization chamber were selected..Based on Bragg-Gray cavity theory and proton-matter interaction principle,the percentage depth dose curve of proton beam extended by graphite energy degarder was measured by PTW-30013 ionization chamber,MP3-P three-dimensional scanning water phantom and MEPHYSTO Navigator software.The percentage depth dose curve of proton beam was measured under the same experimental condition,the measurements were analyzed by software,with highest dose as a baseline the radiation parameters such as Bragg peak,peak width,pratical range,residual range and plateau height of the proton beam are obtained,The Bragg peak width of the proton beam is about 1.21 mm,and the reference depth is about 43.63 mm. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Digital Fault Arc Identification Scheme based on AI+ Neural Network YANG Tu-qiang Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (5): 52-56.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.05.10 Abstract （176）      PDF（pc） （1980KB）（297）       Knowledge map    Save With the improvement of power electronic technology,the characteristics of line fault arc become more complex,and the traditional fault arc identification method has been unable to cope with the new power system.Compared with the traditional fault arc identification scheme,the generation type and new detection technology of fault arc are studied,a digital fault arc recognition scheme based on AI+neural network is proposed,which is based on typical time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics such as harmonic factor,total harmonic distortion rate,current zero rest time,current change rate,current periodicity,etc.In this scheme,the regression algorithm vector machine is used to classify the feature map,and the convolution neural network is implemented through three steps of forward transmission operation,reverse transmission operation and iterative regression operation.Frequent iterative regression is used to obtain the best feature recognition map.This paper takes the fault arc identification of dimmer as an example to verify the fault identification scheme.The results show that this scheme can achieve more efficient,more accurate and more stable fault arc identification. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Calibration of Acoustic Sensor of Particle Impact Noise Detector BAI Tian, YAN Lei, TIAN Jun-hong Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (6): 22-27.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.06.04 Abstract （169）      PDF（pc） （950KB）（494）       Knowledge map    Save Working principle and signal characteristics of the particle impact noise detector were analyzed.According to the sensitivity index requirements of the key components of the acoustic sensor,a structural design method of the sensor’s sensitive element based on the resonance frequency analysis of piezoelectric ceramics was presented.According to the working characteristics of acoustic sensors,a sensitivity calibration method of face-to-face test was proposed to evaluate the performance parameters of acoustic sensors.The test results show that the calibration method is easy to operate,and the measurement uncertainty of 2.0 dB could be got,which could effectively verify the resonance frequency and sensitivity of the acoustic sensor,and provide a metrological guarantee for the reliability of the remainder detection. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Infrared Image Detail Enhancement Algorithm and FPGA Implementation Method HE Suo-chun, ZHOU Yang, DANG Xue-chen, DONG Fei, LIU Yong Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (6): 66-69.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.06.11 Abstract （160）      PDF（pc） （1314KB）（442）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the traditional infrared enhancement method,a new weight-based infrared image details enhancement algorithm is proposed,which fully utilizes the histogram characteristics to enhance the contrast of infrared image while keeping the image details.In various complicated scenes with obvious temperature changes,the detail information can be guaranteed in the image while suppressing the background noise with this algorithm which has good enhancement and high real-time performance.After experimental verification,the target contrast is improved greatly,the target details is emerged effectively with this algorithm,and the signal-to-noise ratio is increased,which has good practicability. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study of Development and Current Status of Quantum References for Voltage ZHANG Jinkai, JIANG Zhu, HU Jiaxin, WANG Bing Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2024, 44 (4): 1-10.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.04.01 Abstract （159）      PDF（pc） （2181KB）（244）       Knowledge map    Save Centered on a discussion of the development of voltage quantum references and their current status,the Josephson effect，the resulting principles of Josephson junctions and Josephson junction arrays are expounded.The transition from traditional Josephson voltage references to programmable Josephson voltage references as the demand for measurements expands from DC to AC are described.The development history,research results,and applications of two important electrical metrology topics,namely,programmable voltage standards are focused on,based on binary division arrays and pulsedriven arrays,which are at the forefront of current research.Finally,the development of voltage quantum reference over the years is summarized and its future development direction is envisioned. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Verification Method of a Three-axis Turntable YANG Hai-yun, QIU Zhao-hui, SUN Jun, FAN Lei, QU Xin-yan Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (6): 8-12.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.06.02 Abstract （154）      PDF（pc） （872KB）（421）       Knowledge map    Save The three-axis turntable is one of the important equipment for testing inertial platforms and rate gyroscopes,and its metrology support  method has not been perfected in recent years.The measurement performance requirements and general technical requirements of a three-axis turntable have been analyzed,the verification items have been determined,the special standard equipment and special tooling have been configured,the standardized verification method was studied,quantity-value dissemination relationships were constructed，the measurement uncertainty of position error was evaluated as a case and the verification and result analysis were carried out,and the metrology support problem of a certain type of three-axis turntable was solved. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Pulse Voltage Testing and Calibration of Wide-bandgap Semiconductor Devices RAO Zhang-fei, QIN Kai-liang, XUE Dong, JIN Hong-xia Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (6): 13-21.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.06.03 Abstract （152）      PDF（pc） （1591KB）（458）       Knowledge map    Save In terms of the pulse test and calibration requirements of the third-generation wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductor devices.Based on the research of double pulse test (DPT) method and principle of wide-bandgap semiconductor devices，The wide-bandgap semiconductor device test equipment technology status at domestic and foreign are analyzed.The precision calibration problem of 3 kV/50 μs pluse voltage are presented.The pulse high voltage calibration status and calibration method are researched.Through the mechanism analysis design and simulation of the resistive voltage divider，a precision voltage divider withstand voltage of 3 kV,rise time of 140 ns and amplitude linearity of 0.03% is developed.The self-developed pulse voltage divider is used to calibrate the pulse voltage of the semiconductor discrete device test equipment.The uncertainty of the calibration result is 0.5%，the needs of pulse high voltage calibration are satisfied. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Test and Analysis of Thermal Response Time of Temperature Sensor LIU Baoju, GUO Yafei, ZHANG Junqi, ZHANG Zhongjie, LV Yueyuan, LIU Lin, CHEN Yiqing Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2024, 44 (4): 35-39.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.04.06 Abstract （150）      PDF（pc） （2601KB）（100）       Knowledge map    Save Most of the domestic thermal response time tests for temperature sensors are conducted in 90 ℃ silicone oil by oil bath method,and the test method is single without considering the relationship between the actual use environment of temperature sensors and the test environment,and the test method is manual test with low efficiency and poor reproducibility.To solve this problem,an automatic test device for thermal response time of temperature sensor is designed based on Labview software.The thermal response time of PT100 platinum resistor,PT1000 platinum resistor and thermistor temperature sensor is tested,and the influence of different packaging and heating methods on the thermal response time of temperature sensor is analyzed.It is proved that different packaging methods and heating methods have great influence on the thermal response time test.The test device studied can be applied to the response time measurement of all types of temperature sensors. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Gas Temperature Measurement Based on Dual-comb Spectroscopy Technology GAO Xiao-qiang, LIU Hao, ZHANG Zhi-tao, Wu Wei-wei Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (6): 12-16.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.03 Abstract （148）      PDF（pc） （2609KB）（326）       Knowledge map    Save As a new technology,dual-comb spectroscopy has the advantages of high resolution,high sensitivity,wide spectral coverage and high speed measurement,which has unique advantages and broad development prospects in the field of molecular precision spectral analysis.A high temperature gas measurement scheme based on dual-comb spectrum is proposed.Two combs with small refrequency difference are used to achieve high temperature gas absorption spectrum measurement with high precision through asynchronous sampling,and the spectral temperature inversion algorithm is used to obtain the gas temperature value.In the experiment,a dual-comb system with repetition rate of about 205.315 MHz and 205.365 MHz was used to achieve high precision measurement of the absorption spectrum of CO2 gas at 1 057 K at a wavelength of 4.2 μm.The results show that,as an active temperature measurement technology,it has the ability of accurate measurement of high temperature gas,and has an important application prospect in the field of high temperature measurement of national defense equipment. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Review of Mid-infrared Gas Detection Technology Based on Quantum Precision Measurement ZHU Tianyi, FENG Dianying, XU Feng, DONG Yazhuo, ZHANG Wenshen, HOU Qianqian, LIU Xia, WANG Wei Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2024, 44 (5): 16-24.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.05.03 Abstract （143）      PDF（pc） （3020KB）（270）       Knowledge map    Save This article reviews mid-infrared gas detection technology based on quantum precision measurements.With the development of the semiconductor industry,the requirements for the purity of electronic process gases continue to increase.Traditional mid-infrared gas detection technology faces sensitivity and accuracy challenges in trace gas detection.This article analyzes in detail the characteristics,application status and limitations of technologies such as fiber evanescent waves,photoacoustic spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and optical cavity ring-down spectroscopy,and focuses on the introduction of quantum correlation spectroscopy.Mid-infrared gas detection technology breaks through the performance bottleneck of traditional mid-infrared detectors by utilizing photon quantum detectors and frequency up-conversion technology,significantly improving detection sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio.This technology will become a key research direction in the future and This technological breakthrough provides an important reference for achieving higher-precision trace gas detection. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Application of the Standing Wave Tube for Underwater Acoustic in Calibration of Vector Hydrophone CHEN Hong-juan, FEI Teng Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (5): 1-7.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.05.01 Abstract （143）      PDF（pc） （7710KB）（384）       Knowledge map    Save Application of underwater acoustic tube in low frequency underwater acoustic measurement is wide ranging,it can not only be used to calibrate low frequency underwater acoustic transducer,but also to measure acoustic parameters of underwater acoustic materials and their components.With the development of research on vector hydrophone,the measurement of particle velocity has been studied more and more in standing wave tube for underwater acoustic.Based on the review of the development history of vector hydrophone calibration technology and the current status of research,this paper analyzes the factors affecting the vector hydrophone calibration technology and presents the corresponding research results,at the same time,the corresponding research results are shown,including the high frequency distortion of sensitivity calibration results due to the positioning mode of reference acoustic pressure hydrophone and vector hydrophone under test,and the low frequency distortion of sensitivity calibration results due to the influence of vector hydrophone suspension structure when using comparative calibration method in the standing wave tube.In addition,the future development direction of vector hydrophone technology is prospected. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Causes of Zero Drift of Piezoelectric Shock Sensor and Zero Drift Suppression FANG Yuan-yong, WU Jian, YANG Ke-xin, DAI Yi-lin Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (4): 43-48.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.04.08 Abstract （140）      PDF（pc） （3267KB）（264）       Knowledge map    Save The output zero drift of shock sensor is an important characteristic affecting.The problem of zero drift has been explored for a long time.Starting from the characteristics of the output signal of the shock sensor，the sensor model and the transformation circuit is analyzed.Combined with the relationship between the frequency response of the sensor installation and shock signal，it is concluded that the high-frequency shock signal is amplified at the resonant frequency of the sensor installation and the amplification leads to zero drift.The correctness of the theoretical derivation is verified by comparing the theoretical derivation with the actual sensor output results.Finally，the zero drift suppression measures and practical results are described. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of Microservice Architecture in LIMS Design YANG Kun, LI Hua-chang, SHI Ye-hong Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (6): 84-87.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.06.15 Abstract （139）      PDF（pc） （923KB）（524）       Knowledge map    Save The microservice architecture reconstructs the enterprise-level service capability by splitting the system functions,and the problems of weak business isolation,high system coupling,high code maintenance cost and poor scalability existing in the traditional single application architecture is solved.The basic concepts,composition,advantages and implementation methods of microservice architecture is introduced,and the design and application scheme of microservice architecture in laboratory information management system is proposed.The laboratory information management system combined with the microservice architecture can effectively ensure the sustainability of enterprise business and improve enterprise management capabilities. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress on Quantum Hall Resistance of Low Magnetic Field WANG Zhong-wei, WANG Ning, CAI Jian-zhen, LI Shuang-yu, HUANG Xiao-ding Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (2): 1-6.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.02.01 Abstract （139）      PDF（pc） （1021KB）（376）       Knowledge map    Save The establishment of resistance standard based on Quantum Hall Effect (QHE) is a cutting-edge metrology technology,which is the highest standard to define the resistance in the world.The core component is Quantum Hall Resistance(QHR) which need 10 T in traditional GaAs QHR samples.The magnet will be difficult and expensive to made.With the development of QHR,it is urgent to find methods to develop QHR samples of low magnetic field.Three schemes for reproducing QHE under low magnetic field,including GaAs,graphene and ferromagnetic topological materials are introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of three schemes are analyzed from the dimensions of magnetic field,temperature,measurement uncertainty and technology maturity,to provide theoretical reference for the development of QHR in low magnetic field for China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Theoretical Background of Quantum Metrology DING Guo, GUO Sheng, ZHU Jing-hua, DENG Peng-bo Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (6): 44-48.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.08 Abstract （134）      PDF（pc） （736KB）（228）       Knowledge map    Save The history of quantum mechanics is outlined and the fundamental formulas:the Schrdinger equation with the interpretation of the wave function,the Pauli exclusion principle,and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle are presented.The latter is illustrated with sample numerical calculations using this principle.The application of quantum effects in metrology,and present and compare the limits of accuracy and resolution of classical and quantum standards are briey discussed.The role of quantum effects in the new International System of Units are discussed as well.Although quantum effects have a wide range of applications,it is difficult to be understood by the public as it is strongly theoretical,which is reflected in many shortcomings in the 2018 version of SI.Finally,development of quantum metrology are prospected. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Discussion on Integrated Management of Measuring Instrument in Aerospace System FENG Zhi-jun, MIAO Chun-lin, YANG Guo-hui, PEI Ya-peng, LIU Ke, DU Jun-peng Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (6): 88-91.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.06.16 Abstract （132）      PDF（pc） （712KB）（321）       Knowledge map    Save Metrology is an important technical basis for development of space carrier and weapon types,which is related to model quality and reliability. Model quality is also ensured by measuring instrument. Based on the years of management experience of metrological instruments of the first Aerospace Institute,the current situation and shortcomings of metrological management is mainly introduced，the operation mode of integrated management of metrological instruments is put forward，and a reference mode is provided for the integrated management of metrological instruments in military enterprises. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Influence of Temperature and Pressure in SMD Pressure Transducer Temperature Characteristics Calibration Device GAO Bing-tao, Liu Yi, DONG A-bin, HUO Rui-dong, TIAN Jun-hong, ZHONG Shan Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (6): 1-7.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.06.01 Abstract （131）      PDF（pc） （4879KB）（362）       Knowledge map    Save The temperature and pressure parameter simulation analysis and experimental research on the SMD pressure transducer temperature characteristics calibration device have been carried out.The results show that under the absolute pressure of 2 kPa and 500 kPa pressure points,the temperature distribution of the calibration chamber and pressure pipeline of the chip pressure sensor in the temperature range of -50 ℃~100 ℃ meets the requirements for use.The temperature isolation is achieved between the standard pressure source and the high and low temperature calibration chamber.The accuracy of the standard pressure value is ensured when calibrating the temperature response characteristics of the SMD pressure sensor. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Revolution of Mass Quantum Metrology and Development of Watt Balance YANG Rong-qi, WANG Si-xian, WANG Xun Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (6): 7-11.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.02 Abstract （130）      PDF（pc） （1573KB）（264）       Knowledge map    Save The evolution of the definition of kilogram,the basic unit of SI,was discussed.The specific causes that drive the rapid realization of quantization of mass unit was clarified with the corresponding impact on mass metrology and electrical metrology.The internal logic of quantization of mass unit based on Avogadro constant and Planck constant was analyzed.The specific principle of establishing a relation between macroscopic mass and Planck constant by watt balance was discussed.The development and relative standard uncertainties of the measurement of watt balance in six institutions such as NPL,NIST and NIM was introduced.The data show that China has entered the international advanced level in the field of mass quantum metrology. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Measurement and Compensation of Beam Unparallelism of Infrared Scene Simulator ZHU Fei-yue, LI Yan-hong, YANG Yang, WANG Chao-feng, TIAN Yi Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (1): 84-89.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.15 Abstract （128）      PDF（pc） （2486KB）（301）       Knowledge map    Save In order to solve the difficulty to measure the beam unparallelism of infrared scene simulator with transmission optical system,we propose the measurement and compensation method with the infrared pentaprism and infrared imaging detector in this paper.First,we analyze the mechanism of generation of the beam unparallelism of infrared scene simulator and propose an improved measurement method and a compensation method of the infrared beam unparallelism.By the movement of the infrared pentaprism on the one-dimensional translation stage,the direction of parallel beam from the infrared scene simulator is changed by 90 °.The infrared imaging detector can receive the beam and measure the distance changed by the process of cutting the beam.This distance in the infrared imaging detector reflects the angel of beam unparallelism.The results show that the method can be used for the 1′ beam unparallelism measurement requirement for the transmission optical system of infrared scene simulator in the application of infrared guidance hardware-in-the-loop simulation test. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Calibration Method of Molten Steel Level Controller Based on Key Characteristic Parameters YANG Tu-qiang Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (6): 28-33.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.06.05 Abstract （128）      PDF（pc） （795KB）（329）       Knowledge map    Save Molten steel level controller is the key quality control point to prevent steel overflow and breakout accidents,and it is an important technical means to ensure the continuous casting production of square billet.The four important characteristic parameters of the process control accuracy,repeatability,linearization and water gap width of the detection range have a significant impact on the measurement characteristics of the molten steel level controller.Through studying the calibration method for the characteristic parameters,the scientificity and accuracy of the molten steel level control can be effectively improved. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Radar Target Detection based on Artificial Intelligence Technology WANG Lian, DONG Sheng-bo Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (3): 75-79.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.03.13 Abstract （127）      PDF（pc） （884KB）（467）       Knowledge map    Save The research on the target detection in heavy clutter is very hot in many countries,but the traditional radar target detection technology has shortage,can’t satisfy the complicated war,with the innovative technology of artificial intelligence on,because of the advantages of artificial intelligence in target recognition and feature extraction,the target detection in heavy clutter is practicable,the article accomplished the nonlinear prediction of sea clutter,by fitting the nonlinear dynamic of sea clutter based on the artificial intelligence technology,and provided a method of Pulse Doppler radar seeker small target detection in heavy sea clutter based on the neural network technology,and the ability of target detection in heavy sea clutter is developed by 2 dB to 6 dB. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Industrial Photogrammetry Accuracy Testing of New Retro-Reflective Targets DOU Shi-hao, HUANG Gao-shuang, WANG Wei-feng, HUANG Gui-ping, WANG Xin-ping Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (6): 34-40.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.06.06 Abstract （126）      PDF（pc） （2850KB）（296）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problem of low measurement accuracy caused by the poor roundness of the traditional type of retro-reflective target,a new type of retro-reflective target is designed,that is,the round hole mold slice with small roundness error is covered on the glass bead reflective film,and the new type of retro-reflective target is tested to reduce the roundness error of the traditional type retro-reflective target by an average of 0.03 mm.The image point center positioning model of the new retro-reflective target is established,the influence of the thickness of the mold slice on the center positioning accuracy of the image point is analyzed,and the accuracy of the new retro-reflective target is evaluated from the aspects of internal accord accuracy and external accord accuracy.The experimental results show that the repeatability measurement accuracy and standard length measurement accuracy of the new retro-reflective target are improved by 25.0% and 28.1% respectively compared with the traditional retro-reflective target,the high measurement performance of the new return light reflection mark is fully proved. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Quantum Metrology for Wideband Microwave Electric Field CHENG Yong-jie, JIN Gang, HAN Bin-bin, PENG Bo, HUANG Cheng-zu, LIU Xing-xun, QI Wan-quan Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (3): 1-4.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.03.01 Abstract （124）      PDF（pc） （1606KB）（181）       Knowledge map    Save As the seven basic units of the SI system have been defined by the basic physical constants, the measurement has entered the era of quantization. Relying on the stability and reproducibility of Rydberg atom, The microwave electric field measurement technology can realize high sensitivity and low uncertainty. It can be directly trace the microwave electric field to the frequency unit. We adopts AT-splitting measurement technique and superheterodyne measurement technique to realize the measurement of microwave electric field with the microwave frequency range of （1~40） GHz and the field strength range of 0.5 mV/m~10 V/m by use cesium atom vapor cell. This work will impact diverse areas like metrology, radar, terahertz communication and electromagnetic signal monitoring. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Vacuum Partial Pressure Measurement Technology based on Dual-comb with Laser Absorption Spectrum FAN Dong, LI De-tian, CHENG Yong-jun, DAI Hu, XI Zhen-hua, JIA Wen-jie Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (1): 1-5.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.01 Abstract （123）      PDF（pc） （1673KB）（265）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the accuracy and sensitivity of vacuum partial pressure measurement and make up for the inherent defects of traditional measurement methods,the vacuum partial pressure will be characterized by gas density in combination with the ideal gas law.By using the infrared absorption spectrum of gas molecules and measuring the absorption of specific wavelength light by dual-comb spectroscopy,the density of target gas in mixed gas can be accurately measured,and then the vacuum partial pressure can be inversely obtained.A vacuum partial pressure measurement system based on electro-optic dual-comb has been developed,combined with dual-comb heterodyne spectroscopy and cavity-enhanced spectroscopy,to achieve non-invasive,large dynamic,and high-speed vacuum partial pressure measurement.The vacuum partial pressure of CO2 and CO in the ternary mixture of CO2,CO and N2 was measured.The relative errors were 2.84 % and 2.77 % respectively.Through the uncertainty analysis,it is concluded that the absorption line strength error is the most important uncertainty component in the vacuum partial pressure measurement. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Adaptive Closed-Loop Drive of Piezoelectric Sensor and Circuit Implementation LIU Yi, GAO Bing-tao, WANG Kuo-chuan, LI Xiao-guang Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2022, 42 (6): 47-51.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.06.08 Abstract （123）      PDF（pc） （3084KB）（291）       Knowledge map    Save An adaptive closed-loop driving method for piezoelectric sensors is designed,and its circuit implementation is introduced from the aspects of anti-saturation charge amplifier,band-pass filter,shaping circuit and power amplifier.It is theoretically demonstrated that the system meets the self-oscillation condition.The feasibility of this method is verified by experiments.The method only needs a unipolar power supply to process AC signals,and provides positive and negative square wave bipolar driving,which increases the driving energy by 4 times compared with unipolar driving,and greatly simplifies the circuit.Compared with open-loop driving,this method can adapt to the natural frequency of the sensor,improve the driving efficiency and reliability,and be universal. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Field Calibration Technology of Time Code SHEN Xiao-qing, LI Shi-guang, LI Da-zhen, WANG Chao, WANG Zhi-hu, QIU Bin, YU Qing-hua, XIA Wei Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (1): 34-39.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.07 Abstract （122）      PDF（pc） （885KB）（188）       Knowledge map    Save Time code is widely used in aerospace,finance,communication,transportation and energy,etc while timing deviation is an important parameter to characterize the synchronization performance of time code.The operation environment of time code equipment is complex where it needs to be continuously powered up for a long time,so it is not suitable for disassembly.Therefore,field calibration technology should be adopted for timing deviation measurement.In this paper,a field calibration method of time code is proposed,which utilizes Beidou common view technology to obtain accurate and reliable time reference.Time codes such as 1PPS,B(DC）code and B(AC）code can be measured so as to solve the problem of field calibration.The experimental results show that the timing deviation of the time base in the field calibration device is less than 10ns relative to UTC(BIRM).The expanded uncertainty of 1PPS and B(DC）measurement is less than 20 ns,and the expanded uncertainty of B(AC）measurement is less than 1.5 μs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Studies on 3D Reconstruction Camera Based on Monocular Vision WEN Ju-ying, SHI Wei-ke, NI Yue Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (2): 32-35.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.02.06 Abstract （122）      PDF（pc） （2566KB）（279）       Knowledge map    Save In order to meet the needs of aircraft to obtain multi-dimensional space images when performing on-orbit service,the 3D reconstruction camera technology based on monocular vision was put forward,and 3D reconstruction of space objects was realized by using voxel coloring principle based on brightness method.The ground experiment was set up,and various experiments simulating circular orbit and elliptical orbit were designed.It was verified that the high-resolution 3D reconstructed image of the target could be realized in the state of accompanying flight within 200 m,and the reconstruction accuracy was 0.105 m,which laid a technical foundation for identifying the characteristic parts of the space target. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Review of Progress in Miniaturization of Cold Atom Quantum Vacuum Measurement Devices CHENG Yong-jun, DONG Meng, SUN Wen-jun, WU Xiang-min, ZHANG Ya-fei Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (6): 17-24.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.04 Abstract （122）      PDF（pc） （7384KB）（317）       Knowledge map    Save Quantum vacuum measurement is an important development direction of vacuum measurement technology in the future.Based on intrinsic physical properties of matter,quantum vacuum measurement has the characteristics of no calibration,little disturbance to vacuum environment and high precision.Currently,laboratory-scale cold atom quantum vacuum measuring devices have shown excellent performance,and scientists are working hard to advance the practical application of quantum sensors,which means that cold atom quantum vacuum measuring devices must be transformed from large laboratory-scale platforms to compact miniaturization quantum sensors.This requires miniaturization quantum sensors to have both a small size and excellent performance under extreme dynamic conditions.The latest advances in cold atom quantum sensor miniaturization is presented,focusing on the key components required for atomic cooling,including laser systems,atomic sources,magneto-optical traps,and coils.The miniaturization scheme of each element and its influence on the sensor performance is discussed,and the development of cold atom quantum vacuum sensor is prospected. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Remote Sensing Image Classification Based on Deep Convolution Transfer Learning Network Algorithm WANG Xiaozhuo, WANG Kai, CAO Shu Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2024, 44 (4): 97-102.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.04.17 Abstract （122）      PDF（pc） （787KB）（131）       Knowledge map    Save Due to the lack of resampling processing for graphic features,the final classification accuracy and the classification performance are not ideal.To this end,a remote sensing image classification based on deep convolution transfer learning network algorithm is proposed.By dividing the geometric region of the original remote sensing image,extracting the descriptors for the distorted geometric pixel,combining the scale space and pixel registration and the rotation angle of the image is calculated,and the geometric correction of the remote sensing image is completed.The dual stream network architecture is innovatively adopted to splice the channel of pixel frequency bands,combining the interaction results of image consistency joint features,outputting image fusion features,and resampling the features with new pixel value index.The deep convolutional transfer learning network algorithm is used to calculate the probability of the input image in the reference class,so as to realize the remote sensing image classification.The application results of the example show that the designed method has high classification accuracy and better classification performance in remote sensing image classification. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Measurement Method for Spectral Emissivity and Hemispherical Emissivity of Infrared Materials WANG Ruiqin, HAN Ying, GAO Yuan Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2024, 44 (4): 40-43.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.04.07 Abstract （121）      PDF（pc） （1933KB）（108）       Knowledge map    Save In response to the demand for accurate measurement of surface emissivity of infrared materials,the directional spectral emissivity and hemispherical total emissivity of the sample materials were measured using a spectral equipment with integrating sphere attachment and a emissometer at room temperature in the laboratory,and the results were converted.Through the study of the two measurement methods,it is shown that the spectral emissivity of infrared materials is consistent with the hemispherical total emissivity,which verifies the effectiveness of the two measurement methods and provides a reference for the measurement of surface emissivity parameters of infrared materials. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress and Prospect of Artificial Intelligence Application in Metrology GONG Kenan, HU Bo, XU Xuan, HUANG Yifan, CHENG Fang Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2024, 44 (6): 28-41.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.06.04 Abstract （120）      PDF（pc） （1136KB）（47）       Knowledge map    Save Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly applied in metrology,bringing new vitality to traditional measurement methods.The applications and development trends of AI in metrology is systematically reviewed from micro,meso and macro levels.At the micro level,the innovative applications of AI in optical measurement,mechanical measurement,quantum metrology,and automated calibration，is analyzed.At the meso level,the integration of intelligent sensor networks,edge AI,and blockchain technologies are discussed.At the macro level,the practical applications of AI in environmental monitoring and industrial manufacturing is summarized.Based on literature analysis,it is found that AI metrology research has shown rapid growth over the past decade,with a significant increase in research intensity after 2018.Focusing on key issues such as standardization,uncertainty quantification,and model interpretability,current challenges and prospects for future research directions are explored. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Test Circuit Design of Electrometer Operational Amplifier LI Shuang-yu, FENG Rong-wei, JIA Dong-yu, WANG Zhong-wei Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement    2023, 43 (1): 61-67.   DOI: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.12 Abstract （120）      PDF（pc） （1141KB）（211）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the accuracy of DC micro-current measurement,the noise of measuring principle circuit is analyzed,the influence of different noise on DC micro-current measurement is determined,and the principle of low noise measurement is selected.The error of the measurement results is analyzed,and the maximum allowable error of the feedback resistance,the input bias current of the operational amplifier and the offset voltage are the main influencing factors.The examples are analyzed and verified according to the actual components.The influence of the electrometer operational amplifier on the measurement error can not be ignored.The circuit is designed to measure its key indicators.According to the characteristics of the weak current signal,shielding and protection measures are taken,the test circuit is built,and the electrometer operational amplifier with low input bias current and low offset voltage is tested and selected for application in the high-precision source meter. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）