宇航计测技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 7-11.doi: 10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.02

• 量子计量专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

质量量子基准变革与功率天平的发展

杨荣淇，王思贤，王勋   

  1. 上海船舶研究设计院，上海 201203
  • 出版日期:2023-12-08 发布日期:2023-12-09
  • 作者简介:杨荣淇（1985-），男，高级工程师，硕士，主要研究方向：容量计量及三维空间检测技术。

Revolution of Mass Quantum Metrology and Development of Watt Balance

YANG Rong-qi,WANG Si-xian,WANG Xun   

  1. Shanghai Merchant Ship Design & Research Institute,Shanghai 201203,China
  • Online:2023-12-08 Published:2023-12-09

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摘要： 论述了对SI基本单位——千克的定义演变历程，阐明了驱使质量单位快速实现量子化的具体成因，以及实现量子化后对质量计量和电学计量所产生的影响。讨论了基于阿伏伽德罗常数和基于普朗克常数这两种实现质量单位量子化途径的内在逻辑，重点关注了利用功率天平来建立宏观质量与普朗克常数之间联系的具体原理与工作过程。介绍了NPL、NIST、NIM等六个计量技术研究机构关于功率天平的研制工作与测量结果。数据表明，我国在质量量子计量基准研究领域已迈入国际先进水平。

关键词: 质量量子基准, 国际千克原器, 功率天平, 普朗克常数

Abstract: The evolution of the definition of kilogram,the basic unit of SI,was discussed.The specific causes that drive the rapid realization of quantization of mass unit was clarified with the corresponding impact on mass metrology and electrical metrology.The internal logic of quantization of mass unit based on Avogadro constant and Planck constant was analyzed.The specific principle of establishing a relation between macroscopic mass and Planck constant by watt balance was discussed.The development and relative standard uncertainties of the measurement of watt balance in six institutions such as NPL,NIST and NIM was introduced.The data show that China has entered the international advanced level in the field of mass quantum metrology.

Key words: Mass quantum metrology, International prototype, Watt balance, Planck constant

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