Table of Content

25 February 2022, Volume 42 Issue 1

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Research Progress of Microwave Electric Field Measurement Technology based on Coherent Effect of Rydberg Atoms

JIN Gang, CHENG Yong-jie, CHENG Xian-you, WANG Shuo, HUANG Cheng-zu, CHEN Xing, LIU Xing-xun, QI Wan-quan

2022, 42(1):  1-10.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.01

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In recent years,microwave measurement techniques based on Rydberg atom have been developed rapidly and widely used.The technology of detecting microwave based on coherent effect of Rydberg atom is novel that can directly correlate microwave field strength with frequency measurements via fundamental physical constants,with high sensitivity,large dynamic range,and low measurement uncertainty,it is expected to be the next generation of microwave electric field reference that can be traced directly to the International System of Units(SI).In this paper,the principle and development of microwave measurement based on the coherent effect of Rydberg atom are introduced in detail,the research progress at home and abroad is discussed in three aspects,including high accurate measurement，high sensitivity and microwave polarization direction measurement.In final,the applied research in engineering system has been discussed in three aspects,including the technology of addressing the broadband Rydberg states,the simulation analysis versus experiment test of vapor in microwave electric field and design of fiber-coupled vapor.

Study and Development of the Absorption Cavity of Cryogenic Radiometer

YU Bing, YUAN Lin-guang, ZHANG Deng, FAN Ji-hong, DONG Zai-tian, LI Yan, YOU Yue

2022, 42(1):  11-15.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.02

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In response to the development needs of high-sensitivity cryogenic radiometer,a cryogenic radiometer absorption cavity is proposed.In this paper,The multiple reflection structure of the ellipsoid diaphragm is designed,and the diffusion welding process is adopted at the same time.The three-part welding formation of ellipsoid diaphragm,oblique opening-oblique bottom cylindrical cavity and oblique bottom surface is realized.In this way,an effective optical trap is formed,so that the radiation incident into the absorption cavity is almost completely absorbed.Preparation of carbon nanotube coatings with porous structure,and the uniform distribution of the coating on the inner wall of the cavity is achieved by spraying-based processes.An absorptivity measurement device was built based on the integrating sphere method,and the absorption rate of the cavity was measured.The results show that the absorption rate is better than 0.999 7 at typical laser wavelengths such as 476.2 nm,488.0 nm,514.5 nm,632.8 nm and 647.1 nm.

Time Code Online Calibration System based on Improved Satellite Common View Technology

YANG Fan, CHEN Xue-jun, ZHANG Ran, MAO Xin-kai

2022, 42(1):  16-19.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.03

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Stable and reliable time reference is the premise of launching time code measurement.The use environment of the time system equipment is complex,it is inconvenient to disassemble,therefore,in the field calibration of the time system equipment,it is not possible to directly obtain the stable and reliable time reference.This paper proposes an idea,designs a time code online calibration system based on real-time satellite common view technology.This system adopts portable design and real-time online data processing technology,restoring the standard time of the time-keeping laboratory at the calibration site,which can be widely used in the field of time parameters on-site calibration.

Design and Research on 1MHz High Accuracy AC Resistance Voltage Divider

HAO Ting-ting, HU Zhi-yuan, ZHENG Wen-chao, WANG Bao-lin, HE Zi-bin, LU Xiao-bo, SONG De-qiang, SONG Shu-juan

2022, 42(1):  20-23.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.04

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The paper mainly discusses the principle,design and calibration of high-accuracy and multi-range AC resistance voltage divider,which the range is from 0.5V to 600V and the frequency is up to 1MHz.Based on the existing technology,the AC voltage proportional measurement range is expanded and applied.The calibration test of the high-accuracy AC voltage divider is realized through the broadband AC-voltage-sampling measurement and synchronous-sampling trigger technology,and a gain-buffer-amplifier matched with the rear-impedance of the voltage divider.After the test verification and summary,the uncertainty of the proportional measurement ratio error of the voltage divider reaches 5×10^-6~5×10^-4(k=2).The uncertainty of phase angle error is up to 5μrad~1mrad(k=2).

Research on Calibration Method of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltage Measuring Instrument

ZHANG Shi-kai, ZHANG Yu-qing, LI Yu-ling, LI Jun-xiao, ZHANG Lin-yi

2022, 42(1):  24-28.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.05

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According to the working principle of the non-contact electrostatic voltage measuring instrument,a calibration system of the non-contact electrostatic voltage measuring instrument is established.The composition and working process of the calibration system,as well as the design principles of the standard plate electrode,which are the key factors for the measurement accuracy of the calibration system,are mainly introduced.Finally,taking the commonly used non-contact electrostatic voltage measuring instrument EST101 as an example,according to the main source of measurement uncertainty of the calibration device,the uncertainty analysis of the calibration results is carried out,and it is verified that the calibration system meets the calibration requirements.

A New and Universal Design of the Theodolite Verification Device

QIU Zhao-hui, GAO Yi, WANG Hong-xu, LIU Dun-xiu, CAO Jing, QU Xin-yan

2022, 42(1):  29-33.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.06

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This paper presents a new and universal design of the theodolite verification device,the main optimization is structure of collateral strip.The functions are supply of targets,capacity of photoelectric auto-collimation,image collection and processing.And image collection and processing is the key technology.It can collect image of collateral strip reticle based on CMOS camera optical imaging system.And then send the picture to processing software to resolve the center position of feature image.Sequentially,we will get optical axis intersection angle of its strip and the theodolite under inspection or we can get misalignment value of auto-collimation.We can achieve the goal that using image collection and processing to replace collimation of human eyes finally.Totally,the design can reduce the demand of proficiency and collimating fault of tester.Moreover,it can reduce test time,improve accuracy and work efficiency.

Capacity Deformation Analysis and Finite Element Calculation of Vertical Metal Tank

YANG Rong-qi, LI Zhi-yue, ZHANG Wen-tao, SHEN Ji-fei

2022, 42(1):  34-38.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.07

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The vertical metal tank is divided into several parts according to the structural characteristics.The stress response of the tank in the process of liquid loading is analyzed by finite element calculation.The volume change caused by the deformation of the tank is calculated according to the principle of capacity measurement,and the reason of its change has been identified.Meanwhile,the veracity of the analysis and the result has been proved through tests on site.In practical work,the surveyor should consider the influence of factors such as tank structure,load distribution and foundation,and revise the result in the process of calculation.

A Real-time Compensation Method for High Precision Antenna Test Turntable

ZHANG Jian, WU Xiang, CHANG Hui-juan, CHEN Wei

2022, 42(1):  39-44.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.08

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Antenna turntable is an important part of radome electrical performance test system,which requires high precision.Due to the characteristics and installation of the magnetic gate,the magnetic gate sensor’s accuracy sometimes can not meet the system requirements,which needs compensation.In this paper,the causes of magnetic gate precision errors are analyzed in detail,and the software real-time compensation method is put forward and the compensation principle is expounded.Finally,this real-time compensation system is verified to have better compensation effect and meet the requirements of indicators through experiments.

A Rapid Deployment Method for Wireless Emergency Communication Relay Nodes in Complex Environment

REN Jing, YAO Yuan-cheng, QIN Ming-wei, ZHU Yue

2022, 42(1):  45-50.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.09

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As an important part of the comprehensive emergency support system,wireless emergency communication has incomparable convenience and economy in dealing with natural disasters such as flood,earthquake and tsunami.As the key link of wireless relay network,the location of relay node will directly affect the performance of the whole emergency communication network.The site of wireless emergency communication relay node in complex environment depends on field investigation and measurement,but there could be some problems,such as poor speed of siting,redundant relay nodes and poor communication link quality.Aiming at these existed problems,the propagation path loss between nodes is used as the basis to evaluate the quality of nodes.Based on the modeling and simulation of ray tracing method,the algorithm is studied to realize the fast and accurate siting of wireless emergency relay nodes in complex environment.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in the comparative experiment with the traditional siting method.

Simulation Analysis of an Error Correction Technique for Phase Noise Measurement System

LIU Yu-xuan, ZHANG Xi-yang, HE Ping, LI Hong-yu, SHEN Xiao-yu

2022, 42(1):  51-59.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.10

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In order to improve the accuracy of phase noise measurement system,an error correction method based on Gaussian white noise multi-spot injection technique is proposed in this paper.According to the analysis of the error terms of each link when measuring the phase noise by the phase-detection method,a systematic error correction model is constructed.Through the simulation of output results of the error correction model,the correction values of two main error factors,PLL characteristic and baseband signal processing (the channel includes LPF,LNA and other devices) flatness,are calculated.The correction methods of other main error factors are given,and they work together to correct the system error.Finally,the uncertainty of the test system after error correction is analyzed,which provides theoretical support for the physical realization of the subsequent error correction model.

Error Analysis of Circuit Parameters for AC-DC Conversion Circuits

JIA Dong-Yu, YAN Ming, FENG Rong-Wei

2022, 42(1):  60-67.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.11

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In order to achieve better effect of AC-DC conversion,the three electronic components(operational amplifier,resistance and diode)that have a greater impact on the accuracy of the rectifier output were taken the research object,and their impacts on the circuit error were analyzed respectively.The output result was compared with the output of full wave precision rectification circuit under ideal state,and the scheme of reducing error in the precision rectifier circuit was summarized,which provides a reference for improving the accuracy of AC-DC conversion in the design of full wave rectifier circuit.After circuit testing and verification,the circuit can perform high-accuracy AC-DC conversion for sine waves with an effective voltage value of (0.4~4)V and a frequency of (1~50)kHz.The conversion error at the optimum point at 50kHz was less than 0.001%,the one-tenth full scale point error was about 0.011%.The rectifier circuit also had the advantages of high stability.

Research on Absolute Frequency Response Measurement Technology of Photodetector based on Optical Heterodyne

LIU Chao, FEI Feng, WANG Shao-shui, ZHU Xing-bang, SUN Qing-xu, WANG Hong-chao, ZHAO Yao

2022, 42(1):  68-73.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.12

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This paper introduces a method of measuring the absolute frequency response of photodetectors based on optical heterodyne.Through the mathematical derivation of absolute frequency response,the calculation formula of frequency response parameters of photodetector is obtained.And an optical heterodyne measurement system was designed to measure the frequency response of photodetector with high-response bandwidth of 67GHz at 1550nm.The accuracy and reliability of the system are verified by comparison with the high-precision optical wave component analyzer.The maximum deviation of the system is less than 0.8dB,and the measurement repeatability is better than 1%.This study can effectively solve the domestic test of frequency response parameters of (40～67)GHz photodetectors,especially the absolute frequency response,and is of great significance for the construction of frequency response calibration capacity of 67GHz photodetectors in China.

Study on the Influence of Free Vibration Effect on Platform Absolute Gravimeter

WANG Dong, FENG Jin-yang, YAO Jia-min, WU Shu-qing, WANG Qi-yu, HU Ruo, LI Chun-jian

2022, 42(1):  74-79.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.13

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Absolute gravimeter is an instrument used to accurately measure the gravitational acceleration,and it has a wide range of applications in many fields such as metrology,geophysics,geological exploration,and navigation.At present,the measurement accuracy of the split-type classical absolute gravimeter has reached the μGal level.On the other hand,the platform-type absolute gravimeter is greatly affected by its free vibration,resulting in an accuracy of several milligal.A set of vibration measurement system was built based on the NIM-3C absolute gravimeter,and the vibration data of the split and platform NIM-3C were collected,respectively.Through the analysis of the vibration transfer function,the key link to reduce the natural vibration was found,and a phased study was obtained.It is expected that the measurement accuracy of the platform-type absolute gravimeter will be improved to be several hundreds of microgal with better vibration control method applied in the gravimeter.

Research on Electrical Parameter Measurement Technology of a Weapon System based on Virtual Synthetic Instrument

HUANG Yuan-sheng, LIU Chun-hui, XU You, ZHANG Long-lei

2022, 42(1):  80-84.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.14

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There are many problems in the test equipment of a certain type of air defense equipment imported from Russian used in the maintenance of military equipment,based on communication analysis,to determine the index functions of 8 kinds of accompanying measuring instruments and meters of a certain type of equipment.Using widely used instruments and the existing mature technology,to develop the hardware system and software,synthesize instruments to the greatest extent,and develop miniaturized,multi-functional and integrated portable test equipment.The application results show that it can effectively ensure the normal maintenance of equipment support capacity of troops and factories,and has certain economic and military benefits.

Analysis on Helicopter Measurability Design Process and Reference Model Construction

YUAN Hui-xiu, WANG Jun-bo, CHEN Shen, LIANG Xiao-yu, CAO Xuan

2022, 42(1):  85-90.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2022.01.15

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With the increase of tasks,the functions of modern helicopters become increasingly complex which they are in a complex operating environment for a long time.The accuracy of a large number of test equipment equipped on the helicopter will gradually decline.Metrology support personnel must regularly check the accuracy indicators of the above key test airborne equipment to ensure it is in good condition.Based on the long-term working practice of helicopter design,this paper summarizes the existing problems in the helicopter metrological support.On the basis of related research,the concept and connotation of measurability and measurability design of helicopter is cleared.Design process of helicopter measurability is propomeasurabilitysed,and reference model of measurability design is constructed,which can provide process reference for other equipment’s measurability design.