Abstract:  This paper introduces the circumstances of basic scientific research innovation mechanism，investment and budget management，evaluation system，talent training method of the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency（DARPA） and Max Planck Institute（MPI）. Also it introduces the management history，status and existing problems of the national defense metrology scientific research，and analyzes the confronting situation. In order to practice the Thirteenth Five-year metrology scientific research plan completely，we should further perfect the scientific research management mechanism，normalize management behavior，increase national investment benefit，promote independent technology innovation，enhance achievements popularized and applied，promote scientific research level，and provide powerful support to the scientific research and production of weapons and building of the advanced national defense science and technology industry system.

Key words: Basic scientific research, National defense metrology, Scientific research management mechanism