Table of Content

25 February 2023, Volume 43 Issue 1

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Research on Vacuum Partial Pressure Measurement Technology based on Dual-comb with Laser Absorption Spectrum

FAN Dong, LI De-tian, CHENG Yong-jun, DAI Hu, XI Zhen-hua, JIA Wen-jie

2023, 43(1):  1-5.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.01

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To improve the accuracy and sensitivity of vacuum partial pressure measurement and make up for the inherent defects of traditional measurement methods,the vacuum partial pressure will be characterized by gas density in combination with the ideal gas law.By using the infrared absorption spectrum of gas molecules and measuring the absorption of specific wavelength light by dual-comb spectroscopy,the density of target gas in mixed gas can be accurately measured,and then the vacuum partial pressure can be inversely obtained.A vacuum partial pressure measurement system based on electro-optic dual-comb has been developed,combined with dual-comb heterodyne spectroscopy and cavity-enhanced spectroscopy,to achieve non-invasive,large dynamic,and high-speed vacuum partial pressure measurement.The vacuum partial pressure of CO₂ and CO in the ternary mixture of CO₂,CO and N₂ was measured.The relative errors were 2.84 % and 2.77 % respectively.Through the uncertainty analysis,it is concluded that the absorption line strength error is the most important uncertainty component in the vacuum partial pressure measurement.

Phase Noise Measurement Technology for the Terahertz-band

LIU Dan, YAN Dong-liang, XIA Zhen-hua, SHEN Ting-mei, YANG Jun

2023, 43(1):  6-10.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.02

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Phase noise is one of the key specification in the application of terahertz(THz)wave technology,how to accurately measure the phase noise of terahertz wave is an important research direction of terahertz technology.In this paper,the （110~500）GHz terahertz phase noise measurement system is built,which is based on frequency expansion by using the principle of terahertz down conversion.The experimental results show that the measurement system has expected noise floor and can be used to measure the phase noise of terahertz frequency source in the frequency range of （110~500）GHz.It has a broad application prospect in the measurement and testing of terahertz phase noise,standard development and related product transformation.

Solar Cell Calibration Technology on Space Station

WANG Kai, LIU Min, WEN Tian-cheng, HOU Xu-wei, WANG Ying-shuang, WANG Bao-lin, TANG You-dong

2023, 43(1):  11-16.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.03

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In order to improve the calibration efficiency of space solar cells and obtain accurate solar cell on-orbit data in the space environment,this research developed a solar cell space station calibration device and carried out the first flight test.The calibration device includes a solar cell calibration collector that can stay in the space station for a long time,and a returnable sample device that can be carried by astronauts.This research has conquered key technologies such as the reusable technology of the space station’s round-trip solar cell samples,the measurement technology of the IV characteristics of multi-channel solar cells,and the non-standard condition correction algorithm.The photoelectric performance and reliability of the new customized space solar cell in the real space environment are verified through experiments,and the product performance attenuation model for aerospace applications is established.This research is expected to establish a standard solar cell traceability system traceable to space AM0,and carry out value transfer.

A Calibration Method of Pulse-modulation Electromagnetic Field based on Electro-optic Technology

PENG Bo, WANG Song-yu, QI Wan-quan, HE Wei

2023, 43(1):  17-21.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.04

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A calibration method of pulse modulation field strength was researched.S-band pulse modulation field strength generation principle and calibration apparatus composition were analyzed,and a LiNbO₃optic-waveguide sensor method based on electro-optic technology were used for measurement of peak-field.Measurement results included peak field intensity of (1~3)kV/m,pulse width of (10~100)μs,duty cycle of 1 % to 10 %,rising/falling time less than 100 ns,and maximum deviation of field intensity amplitude of 0.9 dB.The measurement uncertainty was evaluated by analyzing the source of uncertainty ,and the expanded uncertainty is 1.7 dB.Finally,the pulse field intensity calibration results of optic-waveguide sensor method were verified by reception antenna method,and measurement results met testing requirements.

A Method of Radiation Signal Generation for Calibrating Error Vector Magnitude Over-the-air

WANG Chen-xi, YANG Chun-tao, MA Hong-mei, GONG Peng-wei, JIANG He

2023, 43(1):  22-29.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.05

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The next-generation communication technology more and more relies on millimeter-wave signal,so the calibration of millimeter-wave signal quality over the air becomes a problem that is urged to solve.In this context,we proposed a W-band wideband vector modulated radiated signal generation method for EVM calibration of OTA millimeter-wave signal and it can provide standard wideband vector modulated signals with high carrier frequency,high transmission rate for EVM calibration of millimeter-wave receivers.By the use of frequency multiplication and frequency mixing,we obtain W-band wideband QPSK vector modulated signals with 1 GBaud(500 MBaud)symbol rate,and then transmit it into the space using an antenna.The receiving antenna receive the signal at the far-filed condition and by the use of down-converter,we finally get the received QPSK signal with 1 GHz carrier.After demodulation the EVM of the signal is about 20 %@1 GBaud(10 %@500 MBaud).To improve the quality of the received signal,we use proper predistortion technology and signal-averaging technology.We estimate the system error combining the transmitted and received signals and then compensate it using iteration method,the EVM drops minimally to 5.2 %@1 GBaud(2.1 %@500 MBaud)which indicates that the signal quality improves significantly.The predistortion signal can be used as high-quality radiated signal for OTA EVM calibration.

Research on Measuring Method of Horizontal Displacement of the Chuck for Automatic and Semi-automatic Probe Platform

HUO Ye, WU Ai-hua, WANG Yi-bang, LUAN Peng, LIU Chen, LIANG Fa-guo, DU Jing

2023, 43(1):  30-33.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.06

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In order to solve the problem that the pressure point of the probe is not accurate when the horizontal displacement of the chuck of the automatic and semi-automatic probe platform is deviated,which leads to the unreliable test results and even hurts the chip and probe.According to the actual process and the traceability mechanism of the standard instrument,the drawing of standard ruler was designed,electroplated 5 μm wide gold lines on soda glass,and made into 152.4 mm×20 mm rectangular standard ruler,its measurement range of （0~150）mm.The standard ruler was calibrated whit an uncertainty of 1 μm.In the measurement range,the experimental analysis is carried out and the measurement uncertainty is evaluated.The results show that the deviation of horizontal displacement measured by standard ruler is less than 4 μm,which meets the testing requirements.

Research on Field Calibration Technology of Time Code

SHEN Xiao-qing, LI Shi-guang, LI Da-zhen, WANG Chao, WANG Zhi-hu, QIU Bin, YU Qing-hua, XIA Wei

2023, 43(1):  34-39.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.07

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Time code is widely used in aerospace,finance,communication,transportation and energy,etc while timing deviation is an important parameter to characterize the synchronization performance of time code.The operation environment of time code equipment is complex where it needs to be continuously powered up for a long time,so it is not suitable for disassembly.Therefore,field calibration technology should be adopted for timing deviation measurement.In this paper,a field calibration method of time code is proposed,which utilizes Beidou common view technology to obtain accurate and reliable time reference.Time codes such as 1PPS,B(DC）code and B(AC）code can be measured so as to solve the problem of field calibration.The experimental results show that the timing deviation of the time base in the field calibration device is less than 10ns relative to UTC(BIRM).The expanded uncertainty of 1PPS and B(DC）measurement is less than 20 ns,and the expanded uncertainty of B(AC）measurement is less than 1.5 μs.

Research on the Effective Gain and Optimization of the Holes Shape for the GPD-GEM

JIANG Jie-chen, JIANG Wei-chun, DONG Ze-fang, YANG Sheng, LIU Xiao-jing, LIU Xiao-Hua, DU Yuan-yuan, JIAO Yang, DAI Bo-yu, XU Yu-peng, HE Hui-lin

2023, 43(1):  40-44.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.08

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The Polarimetry Focusing Array(PFA)is one of the payloads in the enhance X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission(eXTP),each telescope in the PFA contains a Gas Pixel Detector(GPD)which locates in the focal plane and will give the polarized degree of soft X-ray sources from celestial objects under extreme conditions.The GPD consists of a single Gas Electron Multiplier(GEM)foil with an effective area of （15.5×15.5）mm² and holes of double conical shape as the amplification stage.The GEM foil with a pitch of 50 μm,a hole diameter of 30 μm,and a cone degree of 10 ° is fabricated by laser-etched technique.The non-uniform intensity of the laser and overlap in some irradiation areas causes different gain values among the holes during the GEM fabricates.In this study,we constructed a simulation framework for the GPD-GEM based on the baseline design and obtain a consistent trend of the effective gain measured in the reference,giving the linear relationship between the cone angle of holes and the gain under a condition of the same voltage.The studies illustrate the cylindrical shape of the GPD-GEM is a better option and provide an optimal design of it.

Measurement of Proton Bragg Peak

WANG Fei-fei, GAO Fei, DING Yu-yang, WANG Zi-ye, WANG Zi-ling, LIU Jia-rui

2023, 43(1):  45-49.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.09

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Based on the proton beam of the newly built 100MeV cyclotron,according to IAEA TRS-398 report,proton beam Bragg peak measurement was carried out.Considering the principle of water absorption dose measurement and influencing factors,appropriate water phantom and ionization chamber were selected..Based on Bragg-Gray cavity theory and proton-matter interaction principle,the percentage depth dose curve of proton beam extended by graphite energy degarder was measured by PTW-30013 ionization chamber,MP3-P three-dimensional scanning water phantom and MEPHYSTO Navigator software.The percentage depth dose curve of proton beam was measured under the same experimental condition,the measurements were analyzed by software,with highest dose as a baseline the radiation parameters such as Bragg peak,peak width,pratical range,residual range and plateau height of the proton beam are obtained,The Bragg peak width of the proton beam is about 1.21 mm,and the reference depth is about 43.63 mm.

Design of Broadband Linear Power Amplifier Module for Wireless Mesh Communication

WEI Zheng-hua, DU Guang-xing, YE Xiao-lan

2023, 43(1):  50-55.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.10

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In order to solve the problem that the single-frequency wireless Mesh communication system cannot be used when the working frequency is occupied or interfered in the electromagnetic environment of complex space,a broadband RF linear power amplifier module working at(1~1.5）GHz is designed,which can be applied to broadband wireless Mesh communication system.Six single frequency points in the(1~1.5）GHz band are used to the design simulation of the driving amplifier and the final power amplifier,and the module performance are tested.The test results are as follows：①In the working band of(1~1.5）GHz,gain at any single frequency carrier≥20 dB,output P_1dB≥43 dBm,RF signal of peak-to-average ratio PAR≥6 dB is supported;②When 64QAM,20 MHz digital RF signal is used to output 37 dBm,ACPR≤-34 DBC,DC power consumption ≤40 W;③The 2nd to 4th harmonics≤-50 dBc.

Research on Photoelectric High Power Microwave Testing Technology based on Microwave Photonics

YANG Yao, SUN Bao, HU Tian-tao

2023, 43(1):  56-60.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.11

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Aiming at the inherent defects of traditional high power microwave testing methods,a high power microwave testing method based on microwave photonics is introduced.Based on this method,an optoelectronic high power microwave test system is designed.This test system has the advantages of low disturbance,large instantaneous dynamic range,strong anti-interference ability,and can simultaneously collect the characteristics of high power microwave time/frequency domain signals.The system is tested and verified with high power microwave pulse signal,and the measured data completely shows the signal characteristics of high microwave pulse in time/frequency domain,which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the test system and method.

A Test Circuit Design of Electrometer Operational Amplifier

LI Shuang-yu, FENG Rong-wei, JIA Dong-yu, WANG Zhong-wei

2023, 43(1):  61-67.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.12

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In order to improve the accuracy of DC micro-current measurement,the noise of measuring principle circuit is analyzed,the influence of different noise on DC micro-current measurement is determined,and the principle of low noise measurement is selected.The error of the measurement results is analyzed,and the maximum allowable error of the feedback resistance,the input bias current of the operational amplifier and the offset voltage are the main influencing factors.The examples are analyzed and verified according to the actual components.The influence of the electrometer operational amplifier on the measurement error can not be ignored.The circuit is designed to measure its key indicators.According to the characteristics of the weak current signal,shielding and protection measures are taken,the test circuit is built,and the electrometer operational amplifier with low input bias current and low offset voltage is tested and selected for application in the high-precision source meter.

Research and Implementation of Liquid Hydrogenation System based on Distributed Control Technology

WU Huai-ming, ZHAO Zong-huan, LIN Guo-fu

2023, 43(1):  68-75.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.13

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With the rapid development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles,the number of hydrogen energy equipment hydrogen refueling station is increasing rapidly.The system optimizes the hydrogenation operation process in liquid hydrogen storage and hydrogenation station.The system coordinates and matches the liquid storage process,pressurization and vaporization process and hydrogenation gas supply process.The system realizes the rapid filling of high-pressure hydrogen gas cylinders and improves the energy utilization efficiency,which is based on distributed control technology in the hydrogen refueling station.The system carried out the research of optimal control algorithm,liquid hydrogen pump pressurization and vaporization verification and hydrogenation gas supply test verification,which has completed many key technical indicators,such as boosting and vaporizing pressure to 45 Mpa,and gas supply flow rate to (0～100)g/s.The system realizes the functions of system automatic control,fault diagnosis alarm and unattended power supply.

Research on High-precision Radar Clutter Simulation

WANG Xu-yang, LI Chuang, HU Bin, GAO Xi-quan, CHU Xue-sheng

2023, 43(1):  76-83.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.14

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Radar clutter simulation is an integral part of the development of modern radar systems.The article takes practical engineering applications as the starting point,combines theoretical research,discusses in depth the radar clutter modelling and simulation,divides radar scattering units to achieve multiple scattering points and digital quadrature modulation and other related methods,and proposes a high real-time,high-precision radar clutter simulation implementation scheme.The scheme is based on the theoretical framework of Digital Radio Frequency Memory(DRFM).The scheme has carried out technical verification on the related clutter signal simulation and simulation method,and realized the real-time simulation of clutter by using the Matlab platform.In order to increase the signal sampling frequency,a multi-stage filter is used to realize the clutter signal interpolation.The amount of baseband signal delay is controlled by a delay module such as FIFO,which increases the number of scattering points to 64 and achieves a highly accurate division of radar scattering cells.Using the System Generator development platform to build an experimental module,the digital quadrature modulation of the clutter signal and the baseband signal is realized in the multiple scattering point mode.This design scheme can provide the necessary reference for the hardware development of the subsequent radar simulator.

The Measurement and Compensation of Beam Unparallelism of Infrared Scene Simulator

ZHU Fei-yue, LI Yan-hong, YANG Yang, WANG Chao-feng, TIAN Yi

2023, 43(1):  84-89.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.15

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In order to solve the difficulty to measure the beam unparallelism of infrared scene simulator with transmission optical system,we propose the measurement and compensation method with the infrared pentaprism and infrared imaging detector in this paper.First,we analyze the mechanism of generation of the beam unparallelism of infrared scene simulator and propose an improved measurement method and a compensation method of the infrared beam unparallelism.By the movement of the infrared pentaprism on the one-dimensional translation stage,the direction of parallel beam from the infrared scene simulator is changed by 90 °.The infrared imaging detector can receive the beam and measure the distance changed by the process of cutting the beam.This distance in the infrared imaging detector reflects the angel of beam unparallelism.The results show that the method can be used for the 1′ beam unparallelism measurement requirement for the transmission optical system of infrared scene simulator in the application of infrared guidance hardware-in-the-loop simulation test.

Construction of Flexible Shared Metrological Test Platform for Large Enterprises

YANG Zhong, LOU Hong-ying, SHEN Bao-long, CHEN Zhi-xin

2023, 43(1):  90-96.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.01.16

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In order to meet the challenges of the digital economy era and seize the development opportunities of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution,the National Metrology Development Plan points out that it is necessary to establish a modern and advanced national measurement system and encourages the creation of smart metrology laboratories to implement the transformation and upgrading of management models.Focusing on the background of reshaping the core competitiveness facing networking and intelligence,the article analyzes the urgent needs of the metrology industry facing digital transformation.With information technology as the cornerstone and data as the driving force,the article studies the infrastructure for collaborative development foundation environment,intelligent metrology business environment and smart digital management environment.It proposes to build a flexible shared metrological platform integrating development,testing and service,and reconstruct the technical system,product system and service system,to realize intelligent operation,test automation ,product digitization and service agility and improve the management efficiency,personnel ability and value creation ability of metrology laboratories,meanwhile provide important support for sustainable high-quality development,and provide reference for digital transformation of metrology laboratories for large enterprises.