Table of Content

25 June 2021, Volume 41 Issue 3

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Research Progress of Quantum Vacuum Measurement Technology based on Cold Atoms

JIA Wen-jie, DONG Meng, XI Zhen-hua, FAN Dong, REN Zheng-yi, CHENG Yong-jun

2021, 41(3):  1-7.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.01

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The quantum transform of international unit system has occurred.With the development of the technique that cooling atoms by laser,the quantum vacuum measurement methods based on cold atoms has become the breakpoint in the measurement of ultrahigh and extremely high vacuum range.In order to realize the quantum transform of vacuum metrology technique in our nation.The article analyzed the theory of the vacuum measurement method based on cold atoms.Except that,the international development of this technique also was summarized in it.Lastly,the device designed by our research group was introduced in this article briefly.In a word,the quantum vacuum measurement method based on cold atom has unique advantage in the research area of ultrahigh or extremely high vacuum measurement,and it is the hot point of quantum vacuum metrology in this vacuum range.Combine the device based on cold atoms and ab-initio method,it would be the technique which has great hope to become the original vacuum measurement standard in ultrahigh and extremely high vacuum range.

Quantum Hall Effect and its Application in Resistance Metrology

YU Min, SONG Hai-long, SUN Yi, HE Jia-wei, SUN Ting, MA Lin

2021, 41(3):  8-13.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.02

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Precision resistance plays an important role in intelligent instruments，and the requirement for accuracy of resistance measurement is higher and higher.Quantum resistance standard based on quantum Hall effect can solve many problems of traditional physical resistance standards and provide a new way for resistance metrology.Hall effect is introduced，and followed by description of quantum Hall effect and quantum anomalous Hall effect.Development of the quantum Hall resistance devices and array resistance based on GaAs heterostructure and graphene are introduced.Advantages and disadvantages of traditional quantum resistance standards based on GaAs heterostructure are summarized，and advantages of the quantum resistance standard based on graphene and its current development status are given.Progress in AC quantum Hall resistance standard is introduced.

Study on Error of Mm-wave Vector Analyzer by Cable Moving

ZHANG na, FENG li-ying, CHEN ting, LIU jie, Deng shu-pei, HAO Rui-fang

2021, 41(3):  14-18.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.03

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Mm-wave band is more and more focused by many applied field now and fulture.Mm-wave vector network analyzer (MM-VNA) is one of popular instruments,which is used to measure scatter-parameter of two ports network.MM-VNA usually consists of network analyzer and millimeter wave VNA extender,which are connected by cables (RF cables,LO cables,IF cables,power cables).During the working of MM-VNA,LO cables and RF cables can’t avoid to be moved.This paper analyzed the influences of MM-VNA calibrating by cables moving.A method using to correct transfer parameter of MM-VNA on account of cable moving was particularly discussed.

Spectrum Analyzer One-button Intelligent Metering

CHEN Xiao-jie, LOU Hong-ying, LUO Jian-bing, SHEN Bao-long

2021, 41(3):  19-26.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.04

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With the increasingly perfected constantly improving of the general instrument various standard bus and interface，the level of automation of instrument metering is also improving continuously.However，due to different test items，connection objects need to be constantly switched in the metering process.This seriously restricts the improvement of measurement efficiency.At the same time，constantly switching the connection object also accelerates the loss of the instrument interface and the connection cable.Based on the calibration specifications and verification procedures of the spectrum analyzer，the intelligent switch center is developed.Through the intelligent switch center，the interconnection between the measured spectrum analyzer and the standard instrument is completed，and the one-button intelligent metering with single connection of the spectrum analyzer is realized.

Simulation of Stability Analysis of High Stable Crystal Oscillator

JIA Li-na, PENG Hui-li, YU De-jiang, YANG Ke

2021, 41(3):  27-33.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.05

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Based on the definition of the time-domain stability of the frequency source signal，this paper establishes a simulation analysis model for the short-term frequency stability of a high-stability crystal oscillator.This model can pre-process the frequency data，and do different variances analysis，identify the type of noise，calculate confidence interval.Based on the above，the mathematical model of the aging characteristics and temperature characteristics of the crystal oscillator is introduces.By constructing the output frequency of the crystal oscillator under different aging characteristics and temperature characteristics，the analysis model quantitatively analyzes the effect of the aging characteristics and temperature characteristics on the short-term frequency stability .After designed and produced a few high-stability crystal oscillators，we tested these oscillators and got results that are more consistent with the simulation results，which shows that the analysis model proposed here is effective.

The Five-axis Turn-table Angle Location Error Analysis based on Dual-frequency Laser Phase Measure System

LI Yan-hong, SHEN Tao, ZHANG Yan, ZHAO Lv-yi, ZHOU Lin

2021, 41(3):  34-37.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.06

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In order to enhance the five-axis turn-table angle location measure precision in hardware-in-the-loop simulation,a dual-frequency laser phase measure system is designed.Build a dual-frequency laser phase measure path with a multi-tooth dividing table and do a test on the five-axis turn-table,the measurement error is analyzed.The results show that the multi-tooth dividing table can be used for big angle range location.In every ±5°range,the measure error can be less than 0.5″. It can be used for the high precision angle location measurement for five-axis turn-table in HWIL simulation lab.

Shock Calibration Device Including Laser Velocimeter for Dynamic Characteristics of Strain Sensor

JIN Ran, LV Xiang, CHEN Wei, WANG Wei-wei

2021, 41(3):  38-42.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.07

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In view of the lack of calibration methods for dynamic characteristics of strain sensors,a shock calibration device including laser velocimeter for dynamic characteristics of strain sensor is developed.Using hopkinson bar as a dynamic strain excitation device,using laser velocimeter and diffraction grating as strain measuring device,the Hopkinson bar to generate trapezoidal pulse strain excitation under impact excitation,and the laser velocimeter with diffraction grating to convert dynamic strain into doppler frequency signal,matching dynamic strain calibration software,analyzing the doppler frequency signal by Hilbert transform and smoothing filtering technology,the calibration of dynamic characteristics of strain sensor is completed.After analysis,the uncertainty of calibration results meets the needs of engineering testing.

Brief Discussion about 5G Microwave Amplifier Test Method

HU Yu-rong, WANG Han, XING Rong-xin, WEI Liang, WU Yong-ming

2021, 41(3):  43-48.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.08

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Compared with 4G communication,5G has more advantages:higher data-rate,wider bandwidth,higher reliability,and lower latency.Therefore,a higher specification demands for components in 5G systems.Based on the feature analysis of microwave amplifier in 5G,the paper presents the principal parameters and measurement methods.As commonly adopted techniques,Digital Pre-Distortion,Envelope Tracking are fully elaborated.Some tips and precautions are laid out for microwave amplifier measurement.

Simulation Design of Sapphire Resonator based on HFSS

HE Yi-xiao, LI Chuang, LI Hong-yu

2021, 41(3):  49-56.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.09

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This paper introduces a simulation method of sapphire resonator working in whispering gallery mode.This method is based on Ansoft HFSS software.Firstly,the effects of changing the size of sapphire cylinder and cavity on the resonant frequency and no-load quality factor of different whispering gallery modes were investigated through the eigenmode solution.Then the coupling ports are added into the resonator,to explore the influence of the position,shape and size of the ports on the transfer function of the whole resonator through the driven model.The final design of the sapphire resonator was working in WGE_5,0,0 mode,with the resonant frequency of 10.028 GHz,and the loaded quality factor of 57 400.The excellent performance of the sapphire resonator provides an effective reference value for the production of real objects.

Research on Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of GNSS Receiver based on AHP+FCE

ZHU Jiang-miao, DONG Xiao-fei, YANG Yang, GAO Xiu-na, HUANG Yan

2021, 41(3):  57-63.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.10

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The performance evaluation of GNSS receivers is an important research content in the field of satellite navigation.Due to the numerous test indicators of GNSS receivers and the weak correlation,it is impossible to accurately and objectively show the performance of a receiver.This paper studies the comprehensive evaluation method of GNSS receiver performance.Select test indicators and establish a hierarchical test indicator system,comprehensively use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) to design a comprehensive evaluation algorithm with weak subjectivity and high degree of normalization .Finally,the algorithm in this paper is used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of three different types of navigation receivers.The results are consistent with the subjective evaluation results of experts,which proves that the algorithm can correctly evaluate the overall performance of the receiver.

Research on a Modified Allan Variance in the Long-term Frequency Stability Measurement of Hydrogen Frequency Atom Standard

ZHANG Ran, CHEN Xue-jun, YANG Fan, PENG Xiao

2021, 41(3):  64-67.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.11

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GPS measurement error mainly comes from three sources：measurement error introduced by satellite，measurement error introduced by receiver itself and measurement error introduced by atmospheric delay.Atmospheric delay error mainly includes ionospheric delay and tropospheric delay，which has certain stability and can be predicted by mathematical model.The ionospheric delay is related to the electron density，which is generally several meters.When the electron density increases dramatically，it can reach tens of meters.The tropospheric delay is about several meters in the zenithal direction.And it can reach tens of meters when the height Angle is low，which seriously affects the GPS measurement and positioning accuracy.Therefore，the effective prediction of atmospheric delay error is of great significance to improve GPS measurement and positioning accuracy.In this paper，the atmospheric delay error prediction model was introduced，and the influence of satellite elevation Angle on the atmospheric delay error variation was analyzed through data analysis.

An Active Compensation Method of Enviromental Interference Magnetic Field for Magnetic Field Reproduction and Shielding

ZHANG Hai-bo, ZHAI Jing-jing, LI Xiang, ZHOU Chang-jian

2021, 41(3):  68-72.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.12

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In this paper，an active compensation method of enviromental interference magnetic field in magnetic field reproduction system and magnetic field shielding equipment is introduced.Establishing system mathematical model，optimizing the control paramenters，Correcting compensation parameters，Compound control method，current feedback is discussed.Through experiments，the typical enviromental interference magnetic field of 1Hz and the 50 Hz can be Significantly compensated by the method.It has been applied in “10 μT/m~100 μT/m gradient magnetic field standard device” and “field calibration device of magnetic shielding coefficient”.

Waveform Analysis and Test of Non-contact Electrostatic Discharge

ZHAO Dan, WU Gui-lin, ZHU Ji-fang, HUANG Yun

2021, 41(3):  73-78.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.13

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Electrostatic discharge is a common near-field hazard source,during which high voltage and instantaneous large current can be formed.Electrostatic discharge reduces the safety performance of the device and affects the electrical characteristics of semiconductor devices.This paper analyzes the equivalent circuit model in the electrostatic sensitivity test device for initiating explosive device during non-contact discharge and simulates circuit according to the equivalent circuit.A test device was developed to conduct discharge tests for different combinations of capacitor and resistor,and to verify the simulation results and the influence of resistor and capacitor on ESD.

On-board Data Acquisition System based on FPGA+1553B

TIE Yu-feng, JI Xiao-jun, WU Jian-ming, LIAN Da, WANG Li-ning, WANG Jia-jing, HU Xiong-chao

2021, 41(3):  79-85.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.14

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The vibration signal collection system based on FPGA+1553B can realize the high-precision measurement of the satellite chatter,which is directly related to the chatter measurement and vibration compensation caused by the vibration of the actuating mechanism impacted by dust when the satellite is working in the satellite space,and is of great significance for improving the ground resolution image correction of remote sensing satellite.In this paper,based on the architecture of FPGA and 1553B bus,a data acquisition system for in-orbit satellite flutter measurement is designed.The key problems of the system,such as multi-channel synchronous acquisition,storage and transmission as well as anti-radiation reliability,are analyzed and designed in detail.The function of the system is verified by hardware design and experiment.The test results show that the prototype of the data acquisition system involved meets the requirements of the spaceborne test.

Characteristic Study of Working Gas for Time Project Chamber used in 8keV~1.5MeV Neutron Fluence Measurement

JIAO Ting-yu, LI Wei, LI Xiao-bo, XIAO Kai-ge, QIN Xi, LI Shi-yao

2021, 41(3):  86-90.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.15

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This paper describes a Time Project Chamber(TPC) for the absolute measurement of neutron fluence from 8keV to 1.5MeV.Working gas is a key parameter.Garfield++ was used to simulated 8 different kinds of pure gases and mixed gases,and the electron drift velocity,transverse diffusion coefficient,Townsend coefficient and electron attachment coefficient were deduced,which offers fundamental data to the designing of the TPC.The working gases are required with low transverse diffusion coefficient and electron attachment coefficient,as well as high Townsend coefficient.The simulation has shown that the electron drift velocity of each gas is different from each other with no particular principle.Single atom gases have relatively high transverse diffusion coefficient and Townsend coefficient,and the Townsend coefficient goes higher with electrical field intensity becoming higher.CF₄ has obvious electron attachment coefficient.

Study on Neutron/gamma Discrimination of Plastic Scintillator Detector

QIN Xi, LI Wei, JIAO Ting-yu, LI Xiao-bo, XIAO Kai-ge, LI Shi-yao, LIU Yi-na, WANG Zhi-qiang, LIU Yun-tao

2021, 41(3):  91-96.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.16

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Research of two discrimination methods on neutron and gamma ray has been carried out using a plastic scintillator detector EJ276 with 2 inches in diameter and 2 inches in length.In the mixed radiation field of neutron and gamma，which is generated by ²⁴¹Am-Be，neutron/gamma discrimination performance of the plastic scintillator detector was studied by the linear delay method and the long and short integral time window method，respectively.The neutron/gamma discrimination effect between these two methods was compared via PSD（Pulse Shape Discrimination)diagram and FOM（Figure of Merit).The result shows that the method of charge comparison on neutron/gamma discrimination is better than the method of linear delay.And when it’s of 400 ns long gate and 60 ns short gate in the charge comparison，EJ276 has the best discrimination on neutron/gamma with lowest misjudgment ratio.

Research on Satellite Thruster Simulator Calibration Technology

WANG Kai, WANG He-ying, FU Ya-qiong, WU Yu-jing, SUN Hui-cong

2021, 41(3):  97-101.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.17

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In this article，we studied a calibration device for thruster simulator，according to the technical requirements of the satellite attitude and orbit control hardware-in-the-loop simulation system .The calibration device uses the network port communication mode to simulate the jet command of the dynamic computer.FPGA and single-chip microcomputer are the control core of the calibration device.In addition，the calibration device includes a signal conditioning module，a high-precision pulse acquisition module，a data solving module，etc.The calibration device has been used in the calibration process of satellite attitude and orbit control ground simulation test.It can not only improve efficiency and quality，but also replace the current calibration test system composed of multiple devices，effectively reduce costs，and simulate the entire process of thrusters online calibration.

Speed Calibration of Horizontal Motion Mechanism of Underwater Launching System

XI Yong-hui, XIAO Ying-ying

2021, 41(3):  102-106.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2021.03.18

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Due to the special use of the environment,a horizontal motion mechanism of an underwater launching system needs to perform velocity calibration underwater.This paper introduces the basic characteristics of horizontal motion mechanism,the principle of self-velocity measuring system and its advantages and disadvantages.According to the actual situation of underwater launching system,the application limitations of doppler velocity measurement,inertial velocity measurement,electromagnetic velocity measurement and other methods for underwater velocity calibration are analyzed.In order to solve the application limitation of the above-mentioned several kinds of underwater velocity measurement schemes,the calibration scheme using photoelectric induction velocity measurement is presented,and the principle and composition of the scheme are discussed in detail.In this paper,the calibration method of photoelectric induction speed measurement USES instruments and sensors and other components with low cost,simple structure and high accuracy of measurement data.