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    25 February 2019, Volume 39 Issue 1
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    Time Domain Technique of Vector Network Analyzer
    ZHANG Na
    2019, 39(1):  1-4.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.01
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    The vector network analyzer can be applied to directly measure the scatter parameters of two-port microwave devices.The time domain technique of the vector network analyzer was useful for identifying discontinuity.But how to set measurement parameters such as frequency band,points,window functions and so on was much more difficult for microwave engineer.This paper showed the time-domain methods and theories.The open standard was measured for describing some problems of time-domain.
    Space Metrology and Pulsars Navigation
    LIU Min, SHUAI Ping, LIU Zhi-hong, LI Jun
    2019, 39(1):  5-11.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.02
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    To discuss the main question of time measurement for the theory of space metrology is on the background of Pulsars navigation.First we introduce the basic of Pulsars navigation and transformation of time scales between different coordination systems.To compare the impact of measuring Pulsars pulse profile by metric of time axis in difference coordinate system,it proves only the Barycentric Celestial Reference System(BCRS) can obtain right result of pulse profile.And then to introduce two modes for unifying timesystem in space metrology: Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) mode and Pulsars Navigation mode.For instance of Pulsars navigation,to discuss an unifying timesystem method base on the absolute definition of SI second and the coordinate time on BCRS,and give a formula to deal with Doppler effect by means of expend-shrunk axis of proper time on spacecraft.Finally,a new idea of time keeping system for large area,the BCRS time keeping system is designed.
    Analysis on Time Variation Analysis of BPL Long Wave Time Service Signal Transmission Delay
    LI Yun, HUA Yu, YAN Bao-rong, GUO Wei
    2019, 39(1):  12-16.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.10007202.2019.01.03
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    Because of the fragility of the GNSS system,The Loran-C/BPL system has been paid more and more attention at home and abroad,as the backup of the GNSS system. How to get the precise propagation delay is always the bottleneck restricting the realization of high precision timing service in the long wave system. In this paper,the temporal variations and spatial variations of propagation delay are analyzed and the temporal variation is analyzed in detail with the actual measurement data. The result show that the received signal propagation delay temporal variations is basically the same，under the condition that the signal propagation path is similar and the weather condition in the transmission path is similar，hundreds of kilometers away from the users，which provides evidence for the BPL long wave differential timing.
    An Iris Feature Extraction and Matching Method
    GUO Hui-jie, WANG Chao-nan, YANG Qian-qian, HAN Yi-liang, YANG Kun
    2019, 39(1):  17-21.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.04
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    The real size of human iris is very small,and iris imaging is prone to interference.The accuracy and robustness of iris recognition will be strongly impacted if iris stable features are not extracted and matched effectively.An iris stable feature extraction and matching method is proposed,which produces enhanced feature templates in iris enrollment stage by building strong feature classifiers,and structures stable feature samples in iris recognition stage by multi-sample feature mapping and fusion,and adaptively determines the classification threshold by risk prediction,and then implements feature matching and iris classification.The experimental results show that the method can improve the accuracy and robustness of iris recognition efficiently.
    Survey on GEM-TEPC and Study on its Principle
    LI Chun-juan, ZHANG Wei-hua, XIAO Xue-fu, WANG Zhi-qiang, LIU Yi-na
    2019, 39(1):  22-26.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.05
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    To optimize the design of tissue-equivalent proportional counter(TEPC) and make it satisfy the measurement of radiation field with high fluence rate, principles of GEM-TEPC was studied, and its development status were surveyed on.The results show that it is available to use GEM instead of anode wire to decrease the fabrication difficulty of mini-TEPC and improve characteristics of TEPC.Finally, the key technology of GEM-TEPC were studied, which lays foundation of the development of GEM-TEPC in our lab.
    Calibration Method for EMP D-dot Sensor/Probe
    LIU Yang, HAN Yu-feng
    2019, 39(1):  27-30.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.06
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    In this study,we introduce a method of calibration for EMP D-dot Sensor/Probe which is used in the radiated susceptibility test of transient electromagnetic field.The method is based on the Pulse Wave used in the radiated susceptibility test.By using the Pulse Wave generated from transient pulse generator and Transverse electromagnetic(TEM) cell,we can calibrate the conversion coefficient of the EMP D-dot Sensor/Probe through the oscilloscope and other test equipments.This method provides a technical basis for accurate measurement of electromagnetic pulse wave.
    Research on Measurement Attenuation Method of  Measurement Receiver and Vector Network Analyzer
    LUAN Peng, LIU Chen, LI Yan-li, WU Ai-hua, QIAO Hong-zhi
    2019, 39(1):  31-34.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.07
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    This paper introduces the principle of measurement attenuation between measurement receiver and vector network analyzer,and analyzes the source of uncertainty.The uncertainty of different attenuation is evaluated under the low reflection coefficient,which indicates that the attenuation is in the range of 10dB~60dB,and the two standard measurement uncertainties are equivalent.In addition,the two input measurement modes are used for the larger input reflection coefficient and different phases.A Tuner Cascading 20dB fixed attenuators are tested as the device under test.The maximum deviation is  ±0.31dB.The measurement uncertainty of the vector network analyzer(0.18dB) is significantly smaller than the measurement receiver measurement uncertainty(0.59dB).
    Design of Dynamic Vacuum Calibration Apparatus
    XI Zhen-hua, LI De-tian, CHENG Yong-jun, SUN Wen-jun, PEI Xiao-qiang, YUAN Zheng-nan
    2019, 39(1):  35-39.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.08
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    A novel apparatus has been designed to calibrate vacuum gauge for its response characteristic,which consists of gas supply system,pumping system,baking system,calibration system and control system.In order to establish transient step about dynamic vacuum in the pressure range from 105Pa to 102Pa during 20 ms to 1 s,a very fast-opening ultra-high vacuum gate valve and flow limiting element are combined.By virtue of a hybrid model of continuum part(Navier-Stokes equation) and the rarefied part(DSMC),the flow states of rarefied gas along the flow limiting element and very fast-opening ultra-high vacuum gate valve could be acquired by finite element software,corresponding to the time constant of standard [JP2]pressure.The standard pressure ranges from 10-1Pa to 105Pa with a combined standard uncertainty less than 15%.
    Design of Non-magnetism Heating Temperature Control System for Atomic Vapor Cell of Atomic Magnetometer
    WU Hong-wei, ZHENG Pan-pan, WANG Yuan-chao, GU Si-hong
    2019, 39(1):  40-46.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.09
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    A non-magnetic heating temperature control system for atomic vapor cell of atomic magnetometer is investigated.In order to reduce the magnetic field interference caused by heating current in the temperature control system,we design a heating film device with double layer heating wire.The heating film device cancels the magnetic field noise by using the parallel reverse current of the same layer and the parallel reverse current between the layers.A moving average filter is designed to filter the collected temperature signals to reduce the interference of random noise.Experimental tests are carried out on the basis of the designed high frequency heating signal generating circuit,amplitude control circuit and power amplifier circuit,the test results show that the magnetic field noise suppression capability of the heating film device with double layer heating wire is about 16 times higher than that of the heating film device with single layer heating wire,the temperature control capability of the non-magnetic heating temperature control system is about 1.2‰.
    Optimum Design of Free-air Ionization Chambers for Measuring Low Energy X-ray
    ZHANG Xi, SONG Ming-zhe, NI Ning, TENG Zhong-bin
    2019, 39(1):  47-51.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.10
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    By the means of the underlying definitions and the theoretical method of absolute measurement of air-kerma,the principle and condition that free air chamber can be used as the absolute measurement method of air-kerma is analyzed theoretically.The parallel-plate type free air chamber is used in the measurement of air-kerma in the low energy X-rays by comparing with the cylindrical type free air chamber.The most commonly used design,parallel-plate type free air chamber,is discussed in detail and in particular with a view to optimization of the design parameters through the methods of theoretical analysis and simulations to minimize the overall uncertainty of the air-kerma determination.
    An External Field Calibration Method about Instrumentation Radar Cross-section Parameter
    DING Xiao-yong, TONG Qiong, JIA Mao-hua
    2019, 39(1):  52-56.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.11
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    Radar Cross-Section(RCS) parameter is a very important technical standard of Instrumentation Radar.The parameter accuracy well directly affects the radars determination of the stealthy ability of the measured target.Based on RCS parameter active calibration technology, high precision RCS parameter simulation control technology, high stability RCS echo signal synthesis technology, the dynamic and accurate simulation of RCS parameter is realized, The RCS parameter of the instrumentation Radar is calibrated.It is transfer value under the external field condition, the problem of active calibration of radar RCS parameter is solved.
    Research on Dynamic Calibration System for UAV
    LI Qiong-wei, LI Xiao-hui, LIU Xuan, ZHU Chun-yang
    2019, 39(1):  57-61.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.12
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    The paper proposes a set of dynamic calibration system project for metrology support for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).The dynamic calibration system includes electromagnetic environment simulation subsystem，radio signal measurement subsystem，calibration data processing subsystem.The practice of dynamic calibration system can both realize UAV system-level metrology and master the technical conditions of UAV precisely,in favor of UAV ability to execute their missions.
    Research on Inter-satellite Navigation Data Transmission and Simulation based on Radio Frequency Link Network
    ZHANG Guo-zhu
    2019, 39(1):  62-66.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.13
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    Inter-satellite link is one of the key technologies for precise orbit determination and autonomous navigation of navigation satellites.The navigation satellite completes pseudo-range measurement and data exchange through inter-satellite radio frequency link or optical link,which maintains the space-time benchmark for the system operation,and ensures that the system provides continuous precise navigation services.According to the construction situation and development trend of GNSS,this paper firstly introduces the inter-satellite observation and information transmission frequency band.Then,we analyse the working system of radio link from the antenna characteristics,multiple access control and link allocation.Finally,according to the actual navigation constellation,the simulation model of navigation information transmission is established based on the OPNET.By analyzing the efficiency of information transmission,it verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of navigation information transmission based on radio frequency link,which has a certain reference value for the study of the inter-satellite link of GNSS.
    Research on the Field Calibration Method of Gyro North Finder
    FU Yong-jie
    2019, 39(1):  67-70.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.14
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    The paper is aimed at the matter that vehicle gyro north finder cant be calibrated on the spot.Reference to the principle of gyro north finder found laboratory calibration and use of the measuring device.A new method for field calibration of gyro north finder is presented by means of transfer comparison measurement.The method uses high precision gyro theodolite as transmission standard.In the external field,the parallel light tube and the plane mirror are assigned to the north of the gyro north finder,and then the gyro north finder is calibrated.The method is accurate and feasible,and can be used for reference in the field test of gyro north finder.
    Research on Calibration Equipment for Magnetic Compass Space Performance
    LI Xiang, ZHAI Jing-jing, CHENG Hua-fu
    2019, 39(1):  71-74.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.15
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    It is found that the performance of magnetic compass is different under different geomagnetic field.The conventional means can only calibrate the performance of the magnetic compass in the local geomagnetic environment of the calibration laboratory, so the calibration results are risky in practical use.This paper introduces a magnetic compass spatial performance calibration device, mainly composed of geomagnetic field reappearance system and three axis non-magnetic revolving stage.The geomagnetic field reappearance system can simulate the geomagnetic field with different latitude and longitude and different height of the earth, and coordinate with the three axis nonmagnetic turntable, as the angle standard device, to calibrate the performance of the magnetic compass under the earth's different geomagnetic field, to ensure that the value of the magnetic compass in different space is accurate and reliable.
    Design and Realization of General Flight Simulation Integrated Virtual Instrument based on VC++/GL Studio
    AN Jia-ning
    2019, 39(1):  75-78.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.16
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    In order to meet the need of visual display of semi-physical simulation system of UAV,a kind of integrated virtual instrument based on GL Studio is designed for the characteristics such as complex interface,a great variety of displaying data,strict requirement of real time response and fluency.The system design and implementation process were given.The instrument can be worked with data-driven by network communicated based on VC++.The applied results of flight scene simulation system shows: the integrated virtual instrument have good performance and HMI is effective and friendly,the instrument component is reusable and can be also applied in flight simulation system and flying training system of UAV else.
    Construction of Metrology Support System in Military Test Organization
    WEN Hai, LIU Hui, ZHAO Zeng-xing, ZHAO Shou-nan
    2019, 39(1):  79-82.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2019.01.17
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    With the formation of a new pattern after the reform of national defense and army, the metrology work of military experimental institutions is facing great challenges. This paper applies the risk-based thinking, draws lessons from the advanced metrological work experience of the US military, combines the actual situation of the military experimental institutions, takes “mission oriented, equipment oriented, front-line oriented” as the guiding ideology, and aims at accuracy, agility and reliability. In order to better serve the quality construction of our army's weapon equipment, this paper puts forward some countermeasures such as reconstructing the system mechanism, optimizing the metrology specialty, expanding the function mission and so on.
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